Total activities in health care, education and social services amounted to SEK 1 194 billion in 2019. Activities carried out by private enterprises amounted to SEK 210 billion, which is equivalent to 18 percent of activities in the welfare sector.
At the end of August, total Swedish borrowing in debt securities amounted to SEK 8 704 billion, up by SEK 57 billion from the previous month. This increase is mainly due to increased borrowing in debt securities denominated in Swedish kronor.
In 2019, the production value in the environmental sector amounted to SEK 509 billion, 10 percent more than in 2018. This increase mainly occurred in the construction and energy industries. The environmental sector employed 151 000 people, of whom about 80 percent were men.
The Construction Cost Index for multi-dwelling buildings rose by 0.9 percent between July and August 2021. The annual rate of change in construction costs was 7.0 percent in August, up from 6.7 percent in July 2021.
Swedish holdings in foreign portfolio assets increased in the second half of 2020. At the end of 2020, total holdings amounted to SEK 6 609.7 billion, which is just over 10 percent more than at end of June 2020. Holdings in shares and funds increased, while holdings in debt securities decreased.