Faster growth in the civil society sector in 2024

Definitions and explanations

Civil society
Civil society refers to the arena – separate from the state, the market and the individual household – in which people come together to take collective action around shared interests. Civil society includes networks, non-profit organisations and registered faith communities.

Compensation of employees
Compensation of employees is defined as the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable by an employer to an employee in return for work done by the latter during an accounting period (ESA, § 4.02). Compensation of employees is made up of the following components:

• wages and salaries: wages and salaries in cash, wages and salaries in kind
• employers’ social contributions

Current transfers
Current transfers redistribute primary incomes. The category covers transfers in cash and kind and include current taxes on income, wealth etc., social contributions and benefits (excluding social transfers in kind), gifts and membership fees.

Employed persons
Employed persons are defined as working persons, either as employees or entrepreneurs. Temporarily absent persons are included.

Final consumption expenditure
Final consumption expenditure consists of expenditure incurred by resident institutional units on goods or services that are used for the direct satisfaction of individual needs or wants or the collective needs of members of the community (ENS, § 3.94).

Fixed prices
Fixed prices with base year 2023 are used to remove any price effects. For fixed price calculation, a GDP deflator is used.

GDP deflator = (Nominal GDP/Real GDP) * 100

Year       GDP deflator, base year 2024
2016   -    1,30
2017   -    1,27
2018   -    1,24
2019   -    1,21
2020   -   1,19
2021   -    1,15
2022   -   1,09
2023   -   1,03
2024   -   1,00

GDP at market price in nominal and fixed prices is used and published at National accounts.

Gross fixed capital formation
Gross fixed capital formation (P.51) consists of resident producers’ acquisitions, less disposals, of fixed assets during a given period plus certain additions to the value of non-produced assets realised by the productive activity of producer or institutional units. Fixed assets are produced assets used in production for more than one year. (ESA, § 3.124).

Gross value added
Gross value added is defined as production less intermediate consumption. GDP at basic prices is the sum of gross value added of all institutional sectors and industries. GDP at market prices is the sum of gross value added of all institutional sectors and industries plus taxes and less subsidies on products.

Intermediate consumption
Intermediate consumption consists of goods and services consumed as inputs by a process of production, excluding fixed assets whose consumption is recorded as consumption of fixed capital. The goods and services are either transformed or used up by the production process. (ESA, § 3.88).

International Classification of Non-Profit Organisations (ICNPO) The statistics are presented in accordance with the United Nations system of satellite accounts for non-profit organizations. The purpose is to classify organizations based on their activities. The primary level of reporting is structured according to 12 main groups. Information on an organization’s activities according to ICNPO is not available in Statistics Sweden’s Business Register and must therefore be derived.

National disposable income
Gross (or net) national disposable income is the sum of the gross (or net) disposable incomes of the institutional sectors. Gross (or net) national disposable income equals gross (or net) national income (at market prices) minus current transfers (current taxes on income, wealth etc., social contributions, social benefits and other current transfers) payable to non-resident units, plus current transfers receivable by resident units from the rest of the world.

Net lending (+) or borrowing (–)
The portion of gross disposable income that is not consumed or used as gross investment. The net lending (+) or borrowing (–) of the total economy is the sum of the net lending or borrowing of the institutional sectors. It represents the net resources that the total economy makes available to the rest of the world (if it is positive) or receives from the rest of the world (if it is negative). The net lending (+) or borrowing (–) of the total economy is equal but of opposite sign to the net borrowing (–) or lending (+) of the rest of the world.

Number of full-time equivalents (FTE)
The number of persons employed during a calendar year, re-calculated to full-time equivalents. For example, two persons working half-time correspond to one FTE.

Operating surplus
The gross (or net) operating surplus of the total economy is the sum of the gross (or net) operating surpluses of the various industries or the various institutional sectors (ENS, § 8.18).

Output
Output is an activity carried out under the control, responsibility and management of an institutional unit that uses inputs of labour, capital and goods and services to produce outputs of goods and services. Output does not cover natural processes which have no human involvement or direction, such as the unmanaged growth of fish stocks in international waters (but output does include fish farming). An exception to this is forest growth, which is included in output in national accounts.

Property income
Property income accrues when the owners of financial assets and natural resources put them at the disposal of other institutional units. The income payable for the use of financial assets is called investment income, while that payable for the use of a natural resource is called rent. Property income is the sum of investment income and rent. (ESA, § 4.41)

Satellite accounts 
Satellite accounts are focused on describing and analysing the economy for a specific purpose. They are not intended to provide an overview of the national economy but rather focus on what is relevant for that specific purpose. Therefore, satellite accounts can be used to show details that are not visible in the aggregated main system of national accounts.

Savings
This aggregate measure the portion of national disposable income that is not used for final consumption expenditure. Gross (or net) national saving is the sum of the gross (or net) savings of the various institutional sectors. (ESA, § 8.96)

Social benefits other than social transfers in kind
Social benefits other than social transfers in kind cover among other categories cash benefits relating to social security benefits in cash including pensions, continued payment of wages during periods of absence from work as a result of ill health, accident, maternity, etc. as well as other social assistance benefits in cash.